07 June, 2010

Measles

I have seen no patients with Measles since 1999. In April, 1997, I opened
my clinic and only 3 infants with Measles until 1999.



What is Measles?
1) Etiology:  Measles virus
2) A typical case of measles begins with fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, 
------- and sore throat.  2~3 days after, tiny white spots (Koplik’s spots) may
------- appear inside the mouth.
------- 3~5 days after, a red or reddish-brown rash appears. 
------- The rash usually begins on a person’s face at the hairline and 
------- spreads downward to the neck, trunk, arms, legs, and feet. 
------  When the rash appears, a person’s fever may spike to more than 
------- 104 degrees Fahrenheit.
------- After a few days, the fever subsides, the rash fades and 
------- skin pigmentation appear.

3) Clinical course of Measles:
麻疹=Measles, 体温=Body Temperature, 発疹=skin rash,
コプリック斑=Koplik's spots,  結膜炎=conjunctivitis
はなかぜ=nasal congestion,せき=cough
4) Complications: 
------ i)  Pneumonia:  frequently in infant. usually, caused by bacteria
-------------------------such as H. influenzae or streptococcus pneumoniae.
------ ii) Otitis media: freuently in infant and toddler.
------ iii) Croup: acute laryngitis.
------ iv) Measles encephlo-myelitis: 6~15 year old are at risk.
---------- usually occur in recovery phase. Urinary and walking disturbance
---------- are the early sigh. Don't worry . Most cases recover without of 
-----------neurological sequerae
------ v)  Encephlitis:  1/1,000
------ vi) keratitis:  infant in the countries with vitamin A deficiency
------ vii) SSPE:  vary rare

Here, show the old photos of Measles:
1) high fever, cough, eye dischrges and skin rash:



2) Koplik's spot: look like candida infection.
3) skin pigmentation.