Rapid test for Norovirus

1) Norovirus( Electron-microscopic image, x 21,820)

2) Rapid test for Norovirus;

3) Rapid test for Norovirus;

Norovirus cause acute gastroenteritis and many outbreaks  in nursery, 
kindergarden, school, hospital and among families.

Previously names: Norwalk-like viruses, Caliciviruses, and Small round
-----------------------structured viruses.

1) Symptoms:  --  acute-onset nausea, vomiting; watery, non-bloody diarrhea 

---------------------with abdominal cramps, and fever.
2) Transmission: --oral-faecal route or a droplet route from vomitus.

----------------------Norovirus can survive freezing and heating to 60°C.
3) Incubation period: 12~36 hours

4) Disinfections: --1% sodium hypochlorite( Cl Na O) 

5) Rapid test: ------Enzyme-linked Immuno-sorbent Assay.
                            For more infomations, ask to -------　
ーーーーーーD Denka Seiken Co, Ltd.
                            http://denka-seiken.jp/english/index.html

                          ----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------                  --RT-PCR
--------------------　　　　　　---+-------- - ------ total
                          ----------------------------------------------------

                          rapid test---- +----53--------1---------54
------------                          --- - ----19-------90-------109
----------                          ------------------------------------------
-----                          --------total---72-------91-------163
                          ----------------------------------------------------

Any questions:   write to  Keiji Hagiwara,    

                             keijihagiwara@gmail.com

Intrafamilial transmission of Norovirus

Norovirus is one of the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis(vomiting and 
diarrhea) in childhood. If one child is suffered gastroenteritis due to this virus. 
Usually, brother or sister and their parents also are suffered, because no immunity 
to Norovirus.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A case of  intrafamilial transmission of Norovirus
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
April 23. 10-year-old male started abdominal pain and vomiting at school
-----------lunch time, following watery diarrhea.
April 25.  In the morning, Mother(45 y) and father (50 y) developed abdominal 
----------- cramp,vomiting and diarrhea.
-----------In the night, 15-year-old brother also started the same symptoms.

1) Rapid test of feces indicate Norovirus infection:

2) Electron-microscopic image of Norovirus:

Dennis Kunkel Microscopy. Inc.

3) Norovirus is still alive in the refrigerator freezer.
4) Disinfectants such as alcohol and Benzalkonium chloride( also known as  

---- alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride and ADBAC) is no effect.

---- Sodium hypochlorite, used for cleaning the baby's bottle, is effective.

Any questions: write to Keiji Hagiwara, MD
---------------------------------Kami-Ube Pediatric Clinic,
---------------------------------Ube 755-0097, Japan
---------------------------------keijihagiwara@gmail.com